If you do a search there was a good decussion some time ago and rod lenght and the effect it has on TDC/BDC = Piston dwell, directing force down the rod, cylinder wall stress etc.
The crank throw remains the same, the lenght of the rod will effect piston design to properly locate the wrist pin and provide clearace to th crank throws. You cannot use a longer/short rod to effect compression. a 5.7" rod requires one desing, a 6.0" another.
If you eally want to get into it, You can buy some books about building a SBC (another search that would yeild a good listing ), Yurick and Lingenfelter are two that I have referenced allot, so you understand the effects of rods, and also the designs, H-Beam, I-Beam etc. weight locatin Rod vrs Pistion, Rod lenght effect on Torque vrs RPM, And after all that reading,
But I will say that rod lenght doesn't have a clear one is bette then the other, many builders differ on opinion.
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